Rulebooks and reading list
Ipamorelin legal record and study references
Approval, compounding and sport have separate entries. The research papers follow the regulatory notes.
FDA approval
Ipamorelin is not FDA-approved for any indication. It has no approved therapeutic use from the FDA, EMA or another regulatory authority. The published Phase 2 bowel-resection trial missed its primary endpoint.
The FDA compounding entries
On FDA's page current as of April 22, 2026, titled Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding that May Present Significant Safety Risks, Ipamorelin acetate appears in Category 2 under the 503B interim policy, with an entry dated September 29, 2023. It also appears in the separate table of bulk substances nominated but withdrawn, with safety concerns retained. FDA publishes no withdrawal date.
FDA evaluated both Ipamorelin free base and Ipamorelin acetate for the October 29, 2024 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee. The committee voted 0 yes, 12 no and 1 abstention against adding each form to the 503A Bulks List. As of October 1, 2026, FDA had published no rule, and neither form was on the 503A Bulks List or the 503B Bulks List.
A favorable account based on the withdrawn nomination would leave me unconvinced. The dated entries describe different actions under different frameworks. A nomination's withdrawal supplies no approval or clearance. This account of the public record cannot decide the lawfulness of an individual situation.
WADA and laboratory detection
Ipamorelin is prohibited in sport at all times under WADA category S2. The analytical papers establish urine-testing methods, which address identification rather than medical efficacy. The sports prohibition and the drug-approval question each stand on their own terms.
Ipamorelin reference standard
A laboratory reference standard supplies comparison material for analytical measurement or identification. It addresses the substance being measured. It supplies no human treatment indication. The 2011 method paper is a useful starting point for this analytical use of the word reference.
Starting points
For detection, begin with Thomas and colleagues' urine assays and the Timms method. For human exposure, begin with Gobburu; for the postoperative outcome, Beck. Raun supplies the founding selectivity experiments. Lall supplies an awkward mouse result for any sweeping fat-loss claim.
The list also includes related compounds. GSK894281 supplied the rat cardiovascular warning, NN703 was the modified oral compound, and the Bowers study tested GHRP-2 with GHRH. Their names are consequential to the conclusions.
- Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, Thogersen H, Madsen K, Ankersen M, Andersen PH. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(5):552-561. ↗
- Gobburu JV, Agerso H, Jusko WJ, Ynddal L. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers. Pharm Res. 1999;16(9):1412-1416. ↗
- Beck DE, Sweeney WB, McCarter MD; Ipamorelin 201 Study Group. Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2014;29(12):1527-1534. (Trial NCT00672074.) ↗
- Johansen PB, Nowak J, Skjaerbaek C, Flyvbjerg A, Andreassen TT, Wilken M, Orskov H. Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats. Growth Horm IGF Res. 1999;9(2):106-113. ↗
- Lu Z, Ngan MP, Liu JYH, Yang L, Tu L, Chan SW, Giuliano C, Lovati E, Pietra C, Rudd JA. The growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a agonists, anamorelin and ipamorelin, inhibit cisplatin-induced weight loss in ferrets: Anamorelin also exhibits anti-emetic effects via a central mechanism. Physiol Behav. 2024;284:114644. ↗
- Stokes AH, Falls JG, Yoon L, Cariello N, Faiola B, Colton HM, Jordan HL, Berridge BR. Integrated approach to early detection of cardiovascular toxicity induced by a ghrelin receptor agonist. Int J Toxicol. 2015;34(2):151-161. ↗
- Hansen BS, et al. Pharmacological characterisation of a new oral GH secretagogue, NN703. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999;141(2):180-189. ↗
- Ahnfelt-Rønne I, et al. Do growth hormone-releasing peptides act as ghrelin secretagogues? Endocrine. 2001;14(1):133-135. ↗
- Lall S, Tung LY, Ohlsson C, Jansson JO, Dickson SL. Growth hormone (GH)-independent stimulation of adiposity by GH secretagogues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001;280(1):132-138. ↗
- Lawrence CB, Snape AC, Baudoin FM, Luckman SM. Acute central ghrelin and GH secretagogues induce feeding and activate brain appetite centers. Endocrinology. 2002;143(1):155-162. ↗
- Aagaard NK, et al. Growth hormone and growth hormone secretagogue effects on nitrogen balance and urea synthesis in steroid treated rats. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009;19(5):426-431. ↗
- Thomas A, et al. Determination of prohibited, small peptides in urine for sports drug testing by means of nano-liquid chromatography/benchtop quadrupole orbitrap tandem-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2012;1259:251-257. ↗
- Timms M, et al. A high-throughput LC-MS/MS screen for GHRP in equine and human urine, featuring peptide derivatization for improved chromatography. Drug Test Anal. 2014;6(10):985-995. ↗
- Thomas A, et al. Determination of growth hormone releasing peptides (GHRP) and their major metabolites in human urine for doping controls by means of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011;401(2):507-516. ↗
- Bowers CY, et al. Sustained elevation of pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and IGFBP-5 concentrations during 30-day continuous subcutaneous infusion of GH-releasing peptide-2 in older men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(5):2290-2300. ↗
- Adeghate E, Ponery AS. Mechanism of ipamorelin-evoked insulin release from the pancreas of normal and diabetic rats. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2004;25(6):403-406. ↗